• Bovine G

• Bone and Bones
• Langworthy, Solon Massey, 1868-1922
• Manipulation, Spinal / history
• Palmer, Daniel David, 1845-1913 / history
• Paxson, Minora C
• Smith, Oakley Garfield, 1880-

Abstract: In the early developing years of the chiropractic profession, Daniel David Palmer wrote that he originated and founded the science and art of correcting abnormal functions by hand adjusting, using the vertebral processes as levers. Three of Palmer's former students, Solon Langworthy, Oakley Smith, and Minora Paxson questioned the originality of his methods, in particular, his adjustive thrust technique, accusing Palmer of stealing the method, what they named the Bohemian thrust, napravit, from the Bohemian settlers in the Davenport region. Palmer would at one point describe the controversy as the "Langworthy Bohemian Napravit Storm." In spite of Palmer successfully refuting the accusations, medical writings continued for several years implying there was a link to chiropractic origins from Bohemian napravit. This article describes the battle that occurred and also documents Bohemian bone-setting napravit techniques that were recorded in the literature.

This abstract is reproduced with the permission of the publisher.