• Tunning MJ

• Electric Stimulation Therapy
• Physical Therapy Modalities / methods
• Ultrasonic Therapy

Lecture 1 Outline:
I. Electrotherapy terminology
      A. Coulomb
      B. Ampere
      C. Volt
      D. Ohm
      E. Impedance
      F. Resistance
      G. Inductance
      H. Capacitance
      I. Ohm's Law

II. Electrical Therapeutic Waveforms
      A. Interferential current
           1. true IFC
           2. larger areas
           3. interference of two waves
               a. heterodyne
               b. deeper tissue penetration in

     B. Premodulated current (PreMod)
           1. current mosulated before reaching tissue
           2. does not penetrate the tissues as deeply as IFC
           3. good for smaller, superficial areas
           4. characteristic "burst" wave

     C. Russian current
           1. 10/10 for fatiguing the muscle and reducing spasm
           2. 10/50 for re-education and rehabilitation purposes

     D. Hi-voltage pulsed current
           1. characteristic twin-peak monophasic current
           2. allows for deeper penetration with a greater current
           3. lower average current
           4. monopolar electrode placement active and dispersive

III  Therapeutic ultrasound
       A. Sound waves at high frequencies
       B. Deep heating modality in a continuous setting
       C. Mechanical when in a pulsed setting
       D. Conducting media
            1. gel pads
            2. underwater

IV   Review of presentations
       A. Inferential current
       B. Premodulated current
       C. Hi-volt pulsed current
       D. Ultrasound

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